Symbols on a Haik. Günter Eich, the Hundred Names of Allah and ‒ Me 13. January 2025

I stood in the 'prep room' of the Grassi Museum in Leipzig in the spring of 2023. What I saw there, what I experienced and what followed me was unexpected. Inconspicuous at first glance. A cloth woven from sand-coloured threads, a few light stripes, and letters and drawings in brown. Or was I mistaken? None of this meant anything to me. But it wasn't meaningless. I wanted to touch the fabric. Something kept me. What was it?  

Sometimes, when we stand on high mountains or look down from a tower, what we see appears symbolic. The world in front of us turns into shapes. We believe we recognize geometric figures and are tempted to decipher them, as if what we see can be read. What was just a house, a field, a tree, is suddenly signs, suddenly it is writing, undoubtedly. But we can't read them. We no longer understand what we just took for granted, it has become a riddle. The meaning, familiar and firmly grasped by a term, slips away from us. The desire for a new interpretation is awakened, but we remain perplexed by the strangeness of this hatching. A book title comes to mind: Die Lesbarkeit der Welt (The Readability of the World). Hans Blumenberg wrote it. The title is beautiful, and the idea is beautiful. 

Title and thought returned before the cloth. They promised help in recognizing the blanket's own character in the symbolism that was - or seemed to be - inscribed in it. A direction was shown, seductive to follow. The temptation to touch the fabric grew with every glance. It almost seemed that if my fingers only stroked it first, the cloth would gain a voice and make itself known. From this voice, the story, reaching far back into time, would resound as a narrative, the distant past would return to the present, to my present. It was about people whose powerlessness was as great as the powers from which nothing and no one protected them - only this cloth. Where it came from, North Africa, it was called haik. Its power was hidden, there was no doubt about that. But where?  

My eyes scanned the fabric again and again, finally lingering on the lines, the circles, the dots, the symbols and the elementary writing. And I was rewarded. If you delve deeper, you reach the depths. Sounds reached my ears, a language foreign to me. Was it Arabic? But strangely, I understood what she was saying: “What is terrible is the parable of the people who accuse us of lying and sin against themselves. [...] And Allah's are the most beautiful names. So call upon Him with them and abandon those who deny His names. Indeed, they will be rewarded for their deeds!”1 Is that what I heard? Certainly, it sounds mysterious and mystical. Self-doubt stirred. Perhaps a learned gentleman in a long robe was standing next to me, whispering something like that to himself, I don't know. In any case, I caught something from the seventh sura of the Quran and decided to read up on what I had heard. Just as I was about to leave, I noticed a finger pointing to the edge of the cloth. What I saw there were tiny dots, nothing more and uncountable. Ornamental, I thought. And as if someone had read my thoughts, the finger was immediately followed by a pointing gesture: “Did not the Prophet Muhammad say: Verily, God has ninety-nine names, one less than a hundred. Whoever lists them will enter paradise? Oh, if only you could read, you would be saved.”2 I turned around and there was no one there. Did that mean, I hesitated, did that mean these embroidered decorations meant just that?


1    Siebente Sure. Der Wall. Geoffenbart zu Mekka. Cited from: Der Koran. Originally in Arabic. Translated by Max Henning. Leipzig: Reclam 1979, p. 175.
2    This is stated in a record (Arabic hadith) of sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad (probably written by Abū Hurairas). In: Saḥīḥ des Buḫārī,
Volume 3, Book 50, No. 894 (inter alia: Die Sammlung der Hadithe Sahih Al-Buhari. Leipzig: Reclam 2010).

I hastily left the room, the delicate embroidery on my mind, perhaps confused, but by no means crazy. He who had prompted fragmentary knowledge of Islam could not have guessed that his gesture was a tangible trail of evidence to me. I followed it and just a little later I was holding in my hands volume no. 667/1958 of the Insel-Bücherei (Island Library) – Günter Eich: Allah hat Hundert Namen (Allah has a Hundred Names). An audiobook. Reading it again and comparing it to the precious exhibit was one thing. Both seemed connected. My curiosity trumped over the absurd. The audiobook begins with a young man, who hears a voice, which whispers to him, he should set off for Damaskus, to Hakim, the Egyptian: „He will tell you how he found out the hundredth name of Allah.“3


3    Günter Eich: Allah hat hundert Namen. Ein Hörspiel. MCMLVIII. Insel-Verlag. Wiesbaden 1958, p. 7.

He identifies the voice as that of a prophet and does as he is told. He finds that Hakim in the Egyptian embassy as a janitor, who tells him his adventurous life story in a somewhat grumpy, almost unfriendly manner, triggered by that same prophetic voice. It seems to be playing hilarious jokes on him and, with the most bizarre instructions, mixes luck and misfortune so ludicrously that they can hardly be distinguished: Death and life shoulder to shoulder, ascent and descent in one stroke of the pen. For a long time, there is no mention of Allah's most holy name, instead of sacred souls there are unholy everyday occurrences. Even more, the voice of the Prophet also rang out to Hakim's wife Fatima, and when things finally got too crazy for him - a fish trading business in Damascus - he changed his life. He began to read obsessively, and the prophet remained silent. But then: 

The day Fatima bought the fiftieth truck, and the eighth plane was the same day I realized where I had to direct my thoughts and aspirations: to the hundredth name of Allah. In it lies the secret of the world. But no matter how much I read, it was not written anywhere. [...]4


4    Günter Eich: Allah hat hundert Namen (like annotation 3)

Hakim set off head over heels, and the miracle happened: the voice of the prophet returned and came to him. But the needle of this acoustic compass went so crazy that there is no room here for these follies. Just this much: they led Hakim, as unsuccessful with a master cobbler as with a cook and a brothel beauty, to the question “Could Muhammad have been mistaken?”5 No, no, the Prophet was not mistaken. He did not sacrifice all the machinations of the small world, of which he became a victim, to his search for meaning - the search for Allah's hundredth name. It was no coincidence that he had put the check on the Crédit Lyonais, which could have saved him and was stolen, just the day before in his Quran between the sixth and seventh surah: “Behold, your Lord is swift to punish, and behold, He is forgiving and merciful.” 6


5    Günter Eich: Allah hat hundert Namen (like ant. 3), p. 37.
6    Der Koran (like ant. 1), p. 156.

This is how the sixth sura ends, and the seventh, which begins afterwards, tells the story of creation, and anyone who has been brought up in this spirit will suddenly find themselves transported to the biblical world of the books of Moses. The material world of Hakim and Fatime crumbled at a breathtaking pace - and the inner world? She received a word from the prophet: “Fatima, you are poor enough now that you can help yourself!"7 But it was not the last, not at all. Only the very last thing seemed to be the very last thing for those who were shaken by decline. The Prophet whispered in Fatima's ear: “'O miracle of all miracles, the never-heard-of is a date palm.”8 In this nothingness, which is nothing to those poor in thought, lay all realization and comprehension. Yes, Hakim realized that he had been “star struck”. Where Allah - “the original” - cannot be understood, it must be translated. Now he saw and heard “the hundredth name of Allah a hundred and a thousand times. In the call of a bird and the gaze of a child, in a cloud, a brick and the stride of a camel.” In the end, irony or no irony, in the “splendour of this staircase”,9 which Hakim and the young man now had to scrub together.


7    Günter Eich: Allah hat hundert Namen, p. 54.
8    ibid. p. 58.
9    ibid. pp. 60.

I leaned back. As if the spirit of what I had read was gently wafting through the room, all stress disappeared. I picked up a book here and another there, leafed through them, and although I didn't know what I was looking for, I found what was worth knowing. A Sahih Muslim had actually proclaimed that whoever knew the ninety-nine names of Allah by heart would enter paradise, and added, smilingly, that Allah loves strange numbers, i.e. the odd ones. If one followed the trail of Muhammad's life, a series of odd numbers would result, as with most prayer practices. Even in the washing of corpses, the Prophet placed value on odd numbers.10


10   See also Ignaz Goldziher: Über Zahlenaberglauben im Islam. In: Globus 80 (1901), p. 31-32 (Reprint: Ignaz Goldziher: Gesammelte Schriften. Vol. 4. Published by Joseph de Somogyi. Hildesheim: Olms 1970, p. 261-262).

The Sufi mystic Ibn Arabi, who lived in the 12th/13th century, was convinced, as he had been all his life, that these ninety-nine names were the outer symbols that stood for the innermost secrets of the universe. In the hundredth, the most glorious and most beautiful, those ninety-nine divine attributes united to form the epitome of divine uniqueness. In it, they, which are nothing more than descriptions of traits, are suspended as the ultimate perfection of love, beauty and harmony.11 I slowly let the long list of the ninety-nine attributions of Allah glide past my eyes - starting with ar-Raḥmān (the Merciful), al-Ḫāliq (the Creator) and al-Muḏill (the Humiliator of the oppressors of their fellow human beings) and ending with the 99th, aṣ-Ṣabūr (the Patient). With all this, I almost forgot why I was rummaging around here: the cloth, or wasn't it a blanket after all, the signs, the writing. I decided to go back there and examine the exhibit again.


11   See also Edition ewige Weisheit. Über die innere Philosophie der west-östlichen Traditionen. https://www.ewigeweisheit.de [11 September 2023].

There it lies spread out, nothing seems different and yet everything is different. My gaze has changed and so has the artfully woven blanket. As I examine it, I quietly speak the names of Allah, which have been found for it, which have become letters for it: al-Muhaimin (the Protector and the Guardian, only with Him does man find real protection), al-Hafieth (the Sustainer, who sustains the deeds of His servants until accountability on the Last Day. He is the Protector, without whom there is no protection and from whom no one can protect) and al-Waliyy (the patron of anyone who needs His protection and guidance).12 The sound of the words fills the room and my mind. Whom did this blanket keep safe, whom did it protect from frost or heat, whom did it hide or reveal its face when salvation came? A god who does not help dies, they say. But the fabric has the names of God woven into it. Who would want to separate them from each other? And who can separate the names of God, Aramaic (Alaha), Hebrew (Eloah), Arabic (Allah) from the YHWH that an original text has handed down? He, like all the others, is an expression of the experience of God, “I am here” or “I am who I am and who I will be”. I am just about to shake my head at my religious knowledge-babble, ashamed and distressed, when I feel a hand on my shoulder. I don't dare turn around. I know who it is, and I don't know him: and I will never get to know him. But I know his voice. I've kept it inside me from my first visit. “What you see,” it says, “has suffered defeats, taken insults and experienced contempt. But every sign on it and in it was protection. They bear witness to what no one knew how to take away: it’s dignity.”


12    See also islam.de/73.php [11 September 2023].

It always starts with hearing voices, I think. No one is behind me, I don't check, why should I? The ghostly thing has no form, its reality is inconspicuous, as inconspicuous as the sand-coloured cloth in front of me. The signs in it are real, they have created a reality, the reality of the protective, the protecting. Their work alone testifies to the spirit in which those who have woven Allah's ninety-nine names into this Haik have trusted. Ninety-nine times hope for the last, the only, the signless. To be experienced as protection alone, nameless.

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